\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\begin{document}
\small
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,scale=1.0]
  \draw[rounded corners=5pt] (-1,1)--(-1,0)--(1,0)--(1,1);
  \fill[rounded corners=5pt] (-1,0.5)rectangle(1,0);
  \fill[rounded corners=2pt] (-1,0.7)rectangle(-0.06,0.1);
  \fill[rounded corners=2pt] (1,0.7)rectangle(0.06,0.1);
  \draw[double=black,double distance=3pt](0,0.5)--(0,3.0);
  \draw[fill=gray!10](0,4.0)circle(1.7pt);
  \draw[double=gray!10,double distance=3pt](0,3)--(0,4.0);
  \draw[fill=black](0,3.0)circle(1.7pt);
  \draw[thin,<->|](-0.5,0.7)--(-0.5,3.0)node[midway,sloped,above]{\qty{20}{cm}};
  \draw[thin](0,3.5)--++(45:0.5)node[above]{$A$};
  \draw [thin](0.2,0.7)--++(70:0.5) node [above right=-0.13] {水银};
  \begin{scope}[xshift=2.5cm]
    \fill[cyan!60](-1.2,0)rectangle(1.2,3.6);
    \fill[fill=gray!10](-0.5,1.2)circle(0.3);
    \draw[thin]([shift=(45:0.3cm)]-0.5,1.2)--++(45:0.2)node[above]{$A$};
    \node at (-0.5,0.9)[below]{气泡};
    \node at (-0.7,3.0){水};
    \draw[thin,<->|](0.7,1.2)--(0.7,3.6)node[midway,sloped,above]{\qty{20}{m}};
    \draw[thin](-0.4,1.2)--(0.9,1.2);
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    \fill[cyan!60](-1.2,0)rectangle(1.2,3.6);
    \fill[cyan!60](-0.365,3.6)arc(270:360:0.1)--++(0,-0.1)--++(-0.1,0);
    \fill[cyan!60](-0.035,3.6)arc(270:180:0.1)--++(0,-0.1)--++(-0.1,0);
    \node at (-0.7,3.0){水};
    \draw[thin,<->|](0.7,0.9)--(0.7,3.6)node[midway,sloped,above]{\qty{85}{cm}};
    \draw[thin,|<->|](-0.7,0.9)--(-0.7,1.5)node[midway,sloped,above]{\qty{10}{cm}};
    \draw[thin](-0.1,0.9)--(0.9,0.9);
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    \draw[double=gray!10,double distance=3pt](-0.2,1.55)--(-0.2,4.0);
    \draw[thin](-0.2,3.5)--++(45:0.5)node[above]{$A$};
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}